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美国对图书馆书籍的审查力度加大
The American Library Association (ALA) says book bans and attempted bans continue to rise in the United States.
美国图书馆协会表示，美国的禁书令和企图禁书的命令继续增加。
The group notes that efforts now extend beyond schools to public libraries.
该组织指出，这项措施目前已经从学校延伸到公共图书馆。
Through the first eight months of 2023, the ALA said there were 695 challenges to library materials and services, involving 1,915 books.
美国图书馆协会表示，2023年前8个月，图书馆资料和服务面临695项挑战，涉及1915本图书。
People have sought to remove books they consider offensive from school libraries for a long time.
很长一段时间以来，人们一直试图让学校图书馆下架他们认为令人反感的书籍。
But this year, the challenges have been near-equally divided between schools and libraries open to the general public, the ALA said Wednesday.
但美国图书馆协会周三表示，今年，学校和向公众开放的图书馆面临的挑战几乎是一样的。
Deborah Caldwell-Stone directs the association's Office for Intellectual Freedom.
黛博拉·考德威尔-斯通是该协会知识自由办公室的负责人。
She said, "The irony is that you had some censors who said that those who didn't want books pulled from schools could just go to the public libraries."
她说：“具有讽刺意味的是，有些审查员说，那些不想让学校下架图书的人可以去公共图书馆。”
The ALA defines a challenge as a "formal, written complaint filed with a library or school requesting that materials be removed because of content or appropriateness."
美国图书馆协会将挑战定义为“向图书馆或学校提交的正式书面投诉，要求因内容或适当性而删除材料”。
Many of the challenges came from Moms for Liberty.
许多挑战来自“自由母亲”组织。
The group has organized efforts nationwide and has called for more parental control over books available to children.
该组织在全国范围内组织了行动，并呼吁家长对儿童读物进行更多控制。
"There used to be a roughly one-to-one ratio, where a parent would complain about an individual book, like in the days when many were objecting to Harry Potter," Caldwell-Stone said.
考德威尔-斯通说：“过去，家长抱怨某一本书的比例大概是1:1，就像当年很多人反对《哈利·波特》一样。”
"Now you have people turning up at meetings and asking that 100 titles be removed."
“如今，有人出席会议，要求下架100种图书。”
Earlier this year, the Chicago-based association issued its yearly top 10 list of books most objected to in 2022.
今年早些时候，这个总部位于芝加哥的协会发布了2022年最受大众反对的十大书籍名单。
Many of them included racial and/or LGBTQ issues.
其中许多书籍包括种族和/或性少数者问题。
Maia Kobabe's Gender Queer topped the list, followed by George Johnson's All Boys Aren't Blue and Nobel literature-prize winner Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye.
玛亚·科贝的《性别酷儿》位居榜首，乔治·约翰逊的《不是所有男孩都是蓝色的》和诺贝尔文学奖得主托妮·莫里森的《最蓝的眼睛》紧随其后。
Teachers and librarians have been criticized a lot in 2023.
2023年，教师和图书管理员受到了很多批评。
At Chapin High School in the state of South Carolina, some students said that a teacher made them feel "ashamed to be Caucasian."
在南卡罗来纳州的查宾高中，一些学生说，老师让他们觉得“自己身为白种人很羞耻”。
The teacher, they said, assigned them to read Ta-Nehisi Coates' Between the World and Me.
他们说，老师让他们读塔那西斯·科茨的《在世界与我之间》。
The book is an open letter to his son about police violence against Black people.
这本书是作者写给他儿子的一封关于警察暴力对待黑人的公开信。
It won the National Book Award in 2015.
这本书在2015年获得了美国国家图书奖。
The school removed the book from the study program.
学校将这本书从学习计划中删除。
In Front Royal, Virginia, local officials are planning to cut money for the Samuels Public Library.
在弗吉尼亚州的弗兰特罗亚尔市，当地官员正计划削减塞缪尔公共图书馆的资金。
The move follows complaints from conservatives about books about gay, lesbian and transgender issues.
在此之前，保守派人士投诉该图书馆含有关于同性恋和变性人问题的书籍。
Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds recently signed into law a bill that calls for books describing sex acts to be removed from school libraries.
爱荷华州州长金·雷诺兹最近签署了一项法案，要求学校图书馆下架描述性行为的书籍。
The ALA's opposition to book bans has also led some communities to withdraw their membership or support, including Campbell County in Wyoming and a local library in Midland, Texas.
美国图书馆协会对禁书令的反对也导致一些社区退出该协会或不再支持该协会，包括怀俄明州的坎贝尔县和得克萨斯州米德兰的一家当地图书馆。
Missouri officials announced the state would withdraw support from the ALA after new laws limiting young people's ability to get books considered unacceptable for children.
密苏里州官员宣布，在新法律限制年轻人获得被认为是儿童不能接受的书籍的能力后，该州将撤回对美国图书馆协会的支持。
"I think this trend is going to continue," Caldwell-Stone said, "at least for as long these groups want to go after whole categories of books."
考德威尔-斯通说：“我认为这一趋势还会持续下去，至少在这些组织想要追击整个类别的图书的时候是这样的。”
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发表于 2023-11-25 09:46:52