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土耳其人才加速流失
Economic problems and fears of repression in Turkey have caused Huseyin Buyukdag to make a decision.
土耳其的经济问题和对镇压的担忧促使侯赛因·布尤达格做出了决定。
The teacher and his wife want to move to Germany to find a better life.
这位老师和他的妻子想搬到德国去寻找更好的生活。
They are among a growing number of young and educated people who say they want to leave Turkey.
越来越多受过教育的年轻人表示他们想离开土耳其，他们就是其中之一。
They say their rights and freedoms there are being taken away, and inflation is high under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
他们表示，在那里，他们的权利和自由被剥夺了，在总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安的领导下，通货膨胀率居高不下。
After Erdogan secured a third term in office in May elections, things are unlikely to change, Buyukdag said.
布尤达格表示，在埃尔多安在5月的选举中获得第三个任期后，情况不太可能会改变。
"Even if I don't want this, even if I hate this, I will...leave this beautiful country," the 27-year-old English teacher told The Associated Press (AP).
这位27岁的英语老师告诉美联社：“即使我不想这样，即使我讨厌这样，我也会……离开这个美丽的国家。”
Turkey is a country of over 84 million people.
土耳其是一个拥有8400多万人口的国家。
Several crises have affected Turkey in recent years.
近年来，土耳其发生了几起危机。
The official yearly inflation rate was 61 percent last month.
上个月官方公布的年通货膨胀率为61%。
Some economists believe the real number is double that.
一些经济学家认为，实际数字是这个数字的两倍。
For many, the way out is through education visas to study in other countries or work permits.
对许多人来说，出路是获得到其他国家留学的教育签证或工作许可。
TurkStat is the government's agency for official numbers, or statistics.
土耳其统计局是负责整理官方数据的政府机构。
It said 139,531 Turkish citizens left the country in 2022, compared to 103,613 in 2021.
该机构表示，2022年有139531名土耳其公民离开土耳其，而2021年有103613人离开该国。
Those aged 25 to 29 formed the biggest group.
年龄在25岁到29岁之间的人是离开土耳其的最大群体。
The numbers are a big increase from 77,810 Turks who left in 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic was at its highest.
与2020年离开土耳其的77810人相比，这一数字大幅增加，2020年土耳其新冠疫情最严重。
Besim Dellaloglu is a sociologist.
贝西姆·德拉洛格鲁是一位社会学家。
He believes people are leaving because of the disappearance of normal things in a democracy.
他认为，人们之所以离开，是因为民主国家中正常事物的消失。
Some are calling the movement of people to foreign countries "brain drain."
一些人称移民到国外的现象为“人才外流”。
Brain drain happens when highly trained or educated people leave a country for a better life somewhere else.
当训练有素或受过教育的人离开一个国家到其他地方寻求更好的生活时，就会发生人才流失。
Dellaloglu does not believe the brain drain will go away without "decreasing polarization in Turkey."
德拉洛格鲁认为，如果“土耳其的两极分化不减少”，人才流失就不会消失。
He said the most likely to leave are medical workers and those that work with technology.
他说，最有可能离开的是医务工作者和那些从事技术工作的人。
Highly trained individuals from all fields are also leaving.
各行各业训练有素的人才也纷纷离开。
Many other Turks prefer to stay, even with the problems.
即使存在这些问题，许多其他土耳其人宁愿留下来。
"I can understand the people who are leaving, some things really need to change," said Fatma Zehra Eksi.
法蒂玛·泽赫拉·埃克西说：“我能理解那些离开的人，有些事情确实需要改变。”
She is a 22-year-old student from Istanbul.
她是一名来自伊斯坦布尔的22岁学生。
She noted, "But if we...leave because we are not comfortable here, then there will be no one left here to change things."
她指出，“但如果我们……因为在这里感到不舒服而离开，那么就没有人留下来改变现状了。”
The growing lack of happiness comes as Turkey marks the 100th anniversary of Ataturk's establishment of the country as a secular republic.
在土耳其纪念阿塔图尔克建立世俗共和国100周年之际，人们越来越缺乏幸福感。
Ataturk was the first president of Turkey after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
阿塔图尔克是奥斯曼帝国崩溃后土耳其的第一任总统。
Some Turks hoping to leave Turkey say that even getting a tourist visa, seen as a step to immigration, has become difficult.
一些希望离开土耳其的土耳其人表示，就连获得旅游签证（被视为移民的一步）也变得很困难。
AP spoke to many people considering emigration from Turkey.
美联社采访了许多考虑从土耳其移民的人。
They said European countries have increased visa restrictions for Turkish travelers.
他们表示，欧洲国家增加了对土耳其游客的签证限制。
These people and reports in Turkish media say the rate of visa rejections has increased and the process has become more complex.
据这些人和土耳其媒体的报道称，签证拒签率上升，办理签证的程序也变得更加复杂。
Nikolaus Meyer-Landrut is a European Union diplomat for Turkey.
尼古劳斯·迈耶·兰德鲁特是欧盟驻土耳其外交官。
He said rejections in Turkey were below the worldwide average.
他说，土耳其的拒签率低于世界平均水平。
He told the Hurriyet newspaper in June that the EU has no policy of blocking visas for Turkish citizens.
他在6月份告诉《自由报》，欧盟没有阻止土耳其公民获得签证的政策。
Erdogan's government considers the reported visa rejections an effort to hurt support for his government by making Turks feel they cannot travel freely to Europe.
埃尔多安政府认为，报道称签证拒签率高的目的是让土耳其人觉得他们不能自由前往欧洲，从而损害对他的政府的支持。
His government has promised to bring people home and turn back the brain drain.
他的政府承诺吸引人们回国，扭转人才流失的趋势。
Erdogan has offered money in the form of grants, and jobs to Turks teaching in other countries.
埃尔多安以补助金的形式拨款，并向在其他国家教书的土耳其人提供工作。
He said 6,000 people had returned under the plan.
他说，根据该计划，已有6000人返回土耳其。
However, Buyukdag, the teacher, said he and his wife have stepped up their efforts to leave a country where, he said, he could lose his job for saying the "wrong things."
然而，教师布尤达格说，他和妻子已经加紧努力离开这个国家，他说，在这个国家，他可能会因为说错话而丢掉工作。
"In Germany or in any Western country, you are a valuable person," he said.
他说：“在德国或任何西方国家，你都是一个有价值的人”。
"In Turkey, you are not a valuable person because you can be called a traitor any time."
“在土耳其，你不是一个有价值的人，因为你随时都可能被称为叛徒。”
I'm Gena Bennett.
吉纳·班尼特为您播报。
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发表于 2023-11-16 04:08:43