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美国男性高中毕业率低于女性
The U.S. government does not require states to report graduation rates by a student's sex.
美国政府并不要求各州按学生的性别报告毕业率。
But in every state reporting high school graduation rates by gender, research shows female students graduate at higher rates than male students.
但在每个按性别报告高中毕业率的州，研究表明，女学生的毕业率高于男学生。
A report from the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., found that, in 37 states reporting the data, more than 45,000 fewer boys than girls graduated high school in 2018.
华盛顿布鲁金斯学会的一份报告发现，在37个报告数据的州中，2018年高中毕业的男生比女生少4.5万多人。
Richard Reeves was one of the writers of the report from 2021.
理查德·里夫斯是2021年报告的作者之一。
He said that about 88 percent of girls graduated on time compared with 82 percent of boys that year.
他说，那一年，大约88%的女生按时毕业，而男生的毕业率为82%。
A follow up study in 2021 found the difference in graduation between girls and boys in 28 states was six percent.
2021年的一项后续研究发现，28个州的女生和男生的毕业率差异为6%。
This difference is not just limited to the United States.
这种差异不仅限于美国。
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) measures education data in many countries.
经济合作与发展组织衡量了许多国家的教育数据。
Among 38 member countries, including most of North America, South America and Europe, more girls graduate high school than boys.
在包括北美、南美和欧洲大部分地区在内的38个成员国中，高中毕业的女生比男生多。
In 2020, the average graduation rate for girls in OECD countries was 86 percent for girls, but 79 percent for boys.
2020年，经合组织成员国女生的平均毕业率为86%，而男生的平均毕业率为79%。
Just two countries that provided data to OECD, the Czech Republic and South Korea, had a higher graduation rate for boys.
在向经合组织提供数据的国家中，只有捷克共和国和韩国的男生毕业率较高。
OECD's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) measures student knowledge and skills in mathematics, reading, and science at age 15.
经合组织的国际学生评估项目衡量15岁学生的数学、阅读和科学知识和技能。
Eighty-five countries take PISA.
有85个国家参加了国际学生评估项目。
OECD information shows that girls mostly perform better in reading than boys.
经济合作与发展组织的信息显示，女生在阅读方面的成绩大多好于男生。
Boys perform better in science and math.
男生在科学和数学方面的成绩更好。
The difference between graduation rates for girls and boys in the U.S. is being called a "gender gap."
在美国，女生和男生毕业率之间的差异被称为“性别差距”。
Few people talk about it and reports suggest that schools have done little to deal with the issue.
很少有人谈论它，报告显示，学校在处理这一问题上所采取的行动也很少。
But some schools have found ways to fight it.
但一些学校已经找到了应对这一问题的方法。
The city of Yonkers, New York, raised graduation rates for minority boys through support such as mentoring.
纽约州扬克斯市通过辅导等支持措施提高了少数族裔男生的毕业率。
Former Superintendent Edwin Quezada said dealing with the difference between races in graduation rates was useful toward understanding the gender gap, which was seven percentage points in 2022.
前教育局长埃德温·克萨达表示，处理种族间毕业率的差异有助于理解性别差距，2022年性别差距为7%。
Boys are sent to special education at higher rates than girls in early grades and are suspended at higher rates throughout school.
男生在低年级接受特殊教育的比率高于女生，在整个上学阶段被停学的比率也高于女生。
That can all result in not graduating on time, Quezada said.
克萨达说，这一切都可能会导致不能按时毕业。
Schools in the city of Buffalo, New York, have included efforts from My Brother's Keeper.
纽约州布法罗市的学校参与了“My Brother's Keeper”。
That was the program started by former President Barack Obama to help boys succeed in school.
这是由前总统贝拉克·奥巴马发起的帮助男生在学校取得成功的项目。
Buffalo also has provided mentoring to male students and hired more men to teach, spokesman Jeffrey Hammond said.
发言人杰弗里·哈蒙德说，布法罗还为男生提供指导，并聘请了更多的男教师。
Still, the urban school district reported a 10-percentage-point difference between female and male graduation rates in 2022 and an 11-point gap in 2021.
尽管如此，城市学区报告称，2022年男女毕业率差距为10%，2021年为11%。
"Girls nationally succeed in school over boys because they are more apt to plan ahead (and) set academic goals," Hammond wrote in an email.
哈蒙德在一封电子邮件中写道：“在全国范围内，女生在学业上比男生更成功，因为她们更倾向于提前计划和设定学业目标。”
He said girls receive fewer school suspensions, showing they are more likely to follow rules and receive more instruction from teachers.
他说，女生被停学的次数更少，这表明她们更有可能遵守规则，从老师那里得到更多的指导。
Only 10 states that report graduation rates by gender also measure it by race.
只有10个按性别报告毕业率的州也按种族衡量毕业率。
That makes it difficult to understand how race influences the graduation gender gap.
这让人很难理解种族如何影响毕业性别差距。
But Reeves found some important differences in his latest study in the five largest states that do report graduation by race.
但里夫斯在他最新的研究中发现，在按种族报告毕业情况的五个最大州中，存在一些重要的差异。
He found that the difference between the graduation rate of Black girls and Black boys was much larger than the difference between white girls and white boys or Asian girls and Asian boys.
他发现，黑人女生和黑人男生的毕业率差异比白人女生和白人男生或亚洲女生和亚洲男生的毕业率差异大得多。
This year, Reeves left the Brookings Institution to start the American Institute for Boys and Men.
今年，里夫斯离开布鲁金斯学会，创办了美国男孩和男人研究所。
It is a nonprofit group that says it aims to improve men's lives.
这是一个非营利性组织，其宗旨是改善男性的生活。
The graduation gap is also linked to what observers call a success gap between students from wealthy and poor families.
毕业差距还与观察人士所说的富裕家庭学生和贫困家庭学生之间的成功差距有关。
But the reasons for the difference between boys and girls are not clear.
但男生和女生之间存在差异的原因尚不清楚。
Discussions with students, educators and researchers point to several influences.
与学生、教育工作者和研究人员的讨论指出了几个影响因素。
Men can earn the same pay as women with less education.
受教育程度较低的男性可以获得与女性相同的薪酬。
But boys also are more likely to be suspended or face other forms of discipline and punishment.
但男生也更有可能会被停学或面临其他形式的训导和惩罚。
And they do not seek treatment as often as girls do when they face mental health problems.
当他们面临心理健康问题时，他们不会像女生那样经常寻求治疗。
Some boys are fine when they first drop out of school, finding jobs with good pay.
有些男生刚辍学时很好，找到了收入不错的工作。
But over the long term, not graduating from high school can hold men back.
但从长远来看，高中没毕业会阻碍男性的发展。
Studies show young men who drop out of high school earn less money over their lifetimes and are more likely to end up in jail.
研究表明，高中辍学的年轻男性一生中挣的钱更少，最终入狱的几率更高。
In some cases, boys are not as interested in graduating as girls because they have not needed a high school degree to pay for rent and food, said Beth Jarosz.
贝丝·雅罗什说，在某些情况下，男生不像女生那样对毕业感兴趣，因为他们不需要高中学历来支付房租和食物费用。
She is with the nonprofit research organization PRB.
她就职于非营利性研究组织PRB。
A man without a high school diploma often earns as much as a woman who has completed a year or two of college, she said.
她说，没有高中文凭的男性挣的钱通常和完成一到两年大学学业的女性挣的钱一样多。
I'm Dan Novak. And I'm Gena Bennett.
丹·诺瓦克、吉纳·班尼特为您共同播报。
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发表于 2023-11-23 13:15:39