美国医生完成全球首例人眼移植手术

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美国医生完成全球首例人眼移植手术
A hospital in New York City recently said it had successfully performed the world's first eye transplant and the patient is doing well.
纽约市的一家医院最近表示，他们已经成功地进行了世界上第一例眼球移植手术，患者目前情况良好。
New York University Langone Health said it performed the surgery last May.
纽约大学朗格尼健康中心表示，他们于去年5月进行了这台手术。
Hospital officials say it will be some time before it is known if the 46-year-old patient, Aaron James, will see with the new eye.
医院官员表示，还需要一段时间才能知道46岁的患者亚伦·詹姆斯是否能用新眼睛看东西。
But the transplant operation itself went well and the eye looks healthy.
但移植手术本身进行得很顺利，眼睛看起来很健康。
James is an electrician in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
詹姆斯是阿肯色州温泉城的一名电工。
He was hit in face by a live electric wire while at work in 2021.
2021年，他在工作时被一根带电的电线击中面部。
James was severely injured and came close to dying.
詹姆斯受了重伤，险些丧命。
He lost much of his face and one arm as a result.
结果，他失去了大半张脸和一只胳膊。
Doctors removed James' left eye because the damage caused so much pain.
由于损伤造成了巨大的疼痛，医生摘除了詹姆斯的左眼。
James had many surgeries, including a face transplant.
詹姆斯做了许多手术，包括面部移植手术。
The rehabilitation was difficult.
康复是困难的。
He had to breathe and eat through tubes.
他不得不通过管子呼吸和进食。
Doctors thought his face would look better if they could give him a donor eye.
医生认为，如果他们能给他安装一只义眼，他的脸会更好看。
James says he cannot blink his eyelid and he is not able to move the eye.
詹姆斯说，他无法眨眼，眼睛也不能动。
But he said it feels good.
但他说感觉很好。
"I'm getting sensation now," James said, adding, "You've got to start somewhere."
詹姆斯说：“我现在有感觉了，你必须从某个地方开始。”
He hopes doctors will learn something from his operation that can help the next person.
他希望医生能从他的手术中学到一些东西，以帮助下一个人。
Eye operations that include transplants of the cornea – the clear tissue in front of the eye – are common.
包括角膜（眼睛前面的透明组织）移植在内的眼部手术很常见。
They can treat some kinds of sight loss.
它们可以治疗某些类型的失明。
But transplanting the entire eye – including its blood supply and optic nerve system – is brand new.
但移植整只眼睛——包括它的血液供应和视神经系统——是全新的。
Some people call it a "moonshot," which is an activity that has the possibility of great profit but low chance of success.
有人称之为“登月”，这是一项盈利可能很高，但成功几率很低的活动。
Successful eye transplants could help doctors cure blindness.
成功的眼球移植手术可以帮助医生治愈失明。
Dr. Eduardo Rodriguez led the transplant team.
爱德华多·罗德里格斯博士领导了移植团队。
He said "we're not claiming that we are going to restore sight … but there is no doubt in my mind that we are one step closer."
他说：“我们并不是说我们将恢复视力……但在我看来，毫无疑问，我们离恢复视力又近了一步。”
Some surgeons did not think the operation would go well.
一些外科医生认为手术不会顺利进行。
They worried the new eye would lose its fluid and look like a dried grape, or raisin.
他们担心新眼睛的液体会流失，看起来像干葡萄（即葡萄干）。
But when Rodriguez examined James' new eye last month it was full of fluid and looked as good as the one he was born with.
但上个月罗德里格斯检查詹姆斯的新眼睛时发现，它充满了液体，看起来和他出生时的眼睛一样好。
And, there was no sign of rejection of the new organ.
而且，没有迹象表明新器官有排斥反应。
Dr. Jeffrey Goldberg of Stanford University has long studied the idea of eye transplants.
斯坦福大学的杰弗里·戈德堡博士长期以来一直在研究眼球移植的想法。
He called NYU's operation a "validation" of past transplant attempts using animals.
他称纽约大学的手术是对过去使用动物进行移植尝试的“验证”。
Goldberg said the next step is to regrow the eye's optic nerve.
戈德堡说，下一步是让眼睛的视神经再生。
He noted that animal studies are making progress toward that effort.
他指出，动物研究在这方面取得了进展。
The eye transplant was the first of its kind.
这是首例眼球移植手术。
But James' other major surgery was the face transplant.
但詹姆斯的另一个重要手术是面部移植。
They are still rare.
它们仍然很罕见。
His was only the 19th performed in the U.S.
他的面部移植手术是美国第19例此类手术。
James' new eye came from a donor in his 30s when he died.
詹姆斯新眼球的捐赠者是在30多岁时去世的。
The donor also provided three other people with needed organs.
该捐赠者还为另外三个人提供了所需的器官。
James' operation took 21 hours.
詹姆斯的手术持续了21个小时。
Doctors connected the donor's main optic nerve to the remains of James' optic nerve.
医生将捐赠的眼球的主要视神经与詹姆斯的残余视神经连接起来。
The doctors also added stem cells to try to help repair the nerve.
医生还添加了干细胞，试图帮助修复神经。
James is not able to open the new eye and he wears a covering to protect it.
詹姆斯无法睁开这只新眼睛，他戴上了覆盖物来保护它。
But last month he said he felt some sensation which signaled growing nerves.
但上个月他说，他感觉到了某种感觉，这表明他的神经在生长。
He also said he could feel the doctor's touch when Rodriguez was examining his new eye.
他还说，当罗德里格斯检查他的新眼睛时，他能感觉到医生的触摸。
Vaidehi Dedania is an NYU eye doctor who also works with James.
Vaidehi Dedania是纽约大学的一名眼科医生，也是詹姆斯的医生。
She said the new eye appears to have special cells called photoreceptors which turn light into electrical signals.
她说，新眼睛似乎有一种名为光感受器的特殊细胞，这种细胞可以将光转化为电信号。
Sight happens when the optic nerve sends those signals to the brain.
当视神经将这些信号发送到大脑时，视觉就产生了。
So far, the nerve is not fully healed but doctors are surprised by its progress.
到目前为止，神经还没有完全愈合，但医生们对它的进展感到惊讶。
Steven Galetta is NYU's head of neurology.
史蒂文·加莱塔是纽约大学神经学系主任。
He said only time will tell if James' nerve heals enough to permit sight.
他说，只有时间才能证明詹姆斯的神经是否能愈合，帮助恢复视力。
The patient himself agrees.
患者本人也赞同这一说法。
"We're just taking it one day at a time," James said.
詹姆斯说：“我们只能一天一天等结果”。
I'm Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德尔为您播报。